Historical analysis of the evolution and the development of the field of Science and Technology in the former Soviet Union and Russia (1917-2010)

Abstract

Historical study analyzing the construction, consolidation and development of the fields of Science and Technology in former USSR and Post-Communist Russia. Initially, it will be done a study on the period of transition and reorganization of these fields from Tsarist Russia to the Soviet Union; analysis about the measures presented by Russian leader Vladimir Lenin, between 1917-1922, consolidating the scientific and industrial Russian scenario; the first legislations and policy initiatives during the 1920-1930 decades; through the repression and limitations experienced by these fields, both in the Stalinist purges, from 1936 to 1940, and during the Second World War. Subsequently, an analysis will be done about the reconstruction and reorganization of these areas, between 1945 to 1970s, when the country attained the status of “superpower”, with a big and centralized Science and Technology field. Finally, a study will be done on the various problems faced by these areas during the 1980s until 2010, arising from the collapse of the USSR and Russia’s adaptation to a capitalist reality, showing initiatives of the Communist Party and the Russian government in post-communism to mitigate and circumvent some of them.